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Written by Mikayla O’Neill
In the age of smartphones and social media, accessing nutrition information has never been easier. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok offer a wide range of content related to health and diet. However, this ease of access can also lead to misinformation. Not all online advice is evidence-based or tailored to the Australian context, and it’s crucial to approach social media content with a critical eye.

When browsing nutrition online, especially in relation to musculoskeletal health, I always:

  • Ensure the advice is provided by a qualified professional, such as a registered dietitian or accredited nutritionist.
  • Seek out content created by Australian professionals, as dietary guidelines and food availability can differ between countries.
  • Remain cautious of exaggerated claims or so-called “miracle” foods that promise instant results.

Although there aren’t too many accounts on both Instagram and TikTok from Australia about musculoskeletal health and nutrition, some stood out to me when researching this article.

Several Australian-based dietitians and nutritionists on social media share practical, evidence-based advice through short videos, infographics, and interactive Q&A sessions. Some accounts I enjoy are:

  • @savvydietetics (Instagram & TikTok) – Nutrition support for invisible illnesses
  • @dietitian – Focus on Hypermobility, EDS, POTS, and MCAS
  • @trust_nutrition_NZ – Arthritis-focused dietary strategies
  • @rigoni.dietitian – Nutrition for chronic disease management
  • @anca_vereen – Specialising in fibromyalgia and chronic disease
  • @idealnutrition_ (Instagram & TikTok) – A team offering support for a range of musculoskeletal conditions
  • @kic.app (Instagram & TikTok)– a paid app for your smartphone for all things wellness. Kic App provides a meal section of the app that provides over 800 recipes that are easy and affordable. All meals are from two accredited Dietitians.

Staying informed and making mindful choices can empower you to take charge of your health and manage musculoskeletal conditions more effectively. Social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok—apps many of us use daily—can be great sources of practical, easy-to-digest information, especially when it comes to nutrition.

I’ve found these accounts to be especially helpful, and I hope you do too! If you know of any great accounts that aren’t listed here, I’d love to hear from you—feel free to reach out and share!


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Written by: Dr Erin Clarke & Hailey Donnelly                                                                 
Nutrition plays an important role in managing and preventing musculoskeletal conditions, particularly osteoarthritisosteoporosis, frailty and sarcopenia. Importantly, while there are many non-modifiable factors that impact musculoskeletal health, diet is a key modifiable risk factor that people can manipulate to help reach their weight and health goals.

Key nutrients that are important to consider for musculoskeletal health include vitamin D, calcium, and protein. Vitamin D and calcium work together to support musculoskeletal health. The primary source of vitamin D is from sunlight, and can be hard to reach recommendations through diet alone. Calcium is readily available in dairy products and can also be found in almonds, tofu and fish with bones. A meta-analysis of observational studies showed that total dairy intake was protective against osteoporosis and hip fractures. While it is known that vitamin D and calcium are important for musculoskeletal health, there are no definitive results that vitamin D or calcium supplementation promote musculoskeletal health, therefore, a food-first approach is recommended.

Dietary protein intake is important for maintaining skeletal muscle structure. Protein is found in meats, fish, dairy products, legumes, nuts and seeds. A recent meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials and 13 cohort studies identified that higher protein intakes, compared to lower protein intakes, resulted in a 16% reduction in hip fractures. Interestingly, there was no significant difference if protein sources were plant or animal-based.

The Mediterranean diet focuses on the inclusion of fruits, vegetables, nuts, wholegrains, legumes, and extra virgin olive oil, and encourages a higher intake of fish and poultry over red meat. A systematic review has shown the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for musculoskeletal health as it reduces hip fracture risk, with olive oil aiding in the prevention of frailty, and fruits and vegetables protecting against frailty, sarcopenia and functional disability. Moreover, high-quality protein from lean meat and fish, promoted in the Mediterranean diet, also aid in the prevention of sarcopenia, frailty and osteoporosis. Whilst the Mediterranean diet has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention of musculoskeletal conditions, evidence suggests it can also improve bone mineral density, muscle mass, lower extremity function, mobility and walking speed. Therefore, the Mediterranean diet could be considered as a dietary pattern to support musculoskeletal health.

Osteoarthritis, obesity and sarcopenia are pro-inflammatory conditions that affect musculoskeletal health. Diet can play a role in modulating inflammation in the body. Unhealthy diets, i.e. those high in saturated fats, processed foods, sugar and refined grains, have been referred to as a pro-inflammatory diet and shown to be associated with an increased risk of fractures and low bone mineral density. Healthy diets that are rich in fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, lean proteins and unsaturated fat have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory diets have been shown to reduce osteoarthritis progression and pain. Although anti-inflammatory diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have positive effects on muscle mass and function, few studies examined the relationship with sarcopenia; therefore, more evidence is required for the relationship between diet and sarcopenia. While anti-inflammatory diets could be considered, weight loss interventions also show promise in improving inflammation, with research showing small to moderate improvements in pain, disability and weight loss in those with osteoarthritis.

For personalised nutrition advice that can support individuals to prevent and manage their musculoskeletal health, or guidance on appropriate weight management, refer to a dietitian. Find a Dietitian

References:

  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278278/
  2. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/6/1/10#:~:text=A%20balanced%20diet%20and%20regular,for%20preventing%20falls%20and%20fractures.
  3. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2019.1590800
  4. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/6/1/10#B57-endocrines-06-00010
  5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10092134/
  6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28686536/
  7. Mediterranean diet | Dietitians Australia
  8. Nutrition and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Health
  9. Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein – ScienceDirect
  10. Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – ScienceDirect
  11. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/10/2405
  12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216183132200388X
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904104/
  14. Effectiveness of Weight-Loss Interventions for Reducing Pain and Disability in People With Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
  15. Find a Dietitian

Bio – Dr Erin Clarke

Dr Erin Clarke is an early career researcher in School of Health Sciences at The University of Newcastle. In addition, she maintains her role as an active clinician as an Accredited Practising Dietitian. She completed her Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics (Honours Class I) in 2016 and a PhD in Nutrition and Dietetics in 2021.

Dr Clarke’s research expertise includes dietary assessment, which harnesses technology, dietary biomarkers the relationship between diet quality and health. Her interest areas include the relationship between diet and heart health, diabetes, and chronic health conditions. Since graduating, she has expanded her research to focus more on precision and personalised nutrition, including investigating the interplay between diet and genetics, and the dietary metabolome.

 Bio – Hailey Donnelly

Hailey is a PhD candidate in the School of Health Sciences at The University of Newcastle and is an Accredited Practising Dietitian working in the local community health service. She completed her Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics (Honours Class I) in 2021. Hailey’s expertise and interest areas include diabetes, diabetes-related complications and the role of nutrition in prevention and management of chronic disease.


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Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Can it help with arthritis?

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has long been a staple in Mediterranean kitchens, used to add flavour to dishes and elevate the healthiness of meals. But beyond its culinary uses, EVOO has gained some attention for the potential it may have in treating the symptoms of arthritis. So, is there any truth behind these claims, or is it just another fad?

Let’s explore the hype.

What makes Extra Virgin Olive Oil special?

Extra virgin olive oil is made from the first cold pressing of olives, which means it’s produced without heat or chemicals, preserving its natural nutrients. This results in a rich concentration of antioxidants, vitamins, and healthy fats, setting it apart from other oils. Some of the key components in EVOO include:

  • Polyphenols: These are plant compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Oleocanthal is the most well-known polyphenol in EVOO, and it’s been studied for its potential to reduce inflammation in the body.
  • Monounsaturated Fats: EVOO is high in oleic acid, a type of healthy fat that’s believed to help lower the production of certain inflammatory markers.
  • Vitamins and antioxidants: Olive oil also contains vitamins like E and K, both of which are important for protecting tissues and promoting overall health.

Here’s a look at how it’s thought EVOO may help:

  • Anti-inflammatory Properties

Inflammation is a core factor in many forms of arthritis, and EVOO’s oleocanthal has shown promise in acting similarly to anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen. By reducing inflammation in the joints, EVOO might help ease the discomfort and swelling that come with arthritis.

  • Reducing Oxidative Stress

Arthritis can involve oxidative stress, where free radicals damage tissues, including those in the joints. EVOO is rich in antioxidants, which may help neutralise these free radicals and protect the joints from further damage.

How to Use Extra Virgin Olive Oil

If you’re curious about trying EVOO to see if it helps with your arthritis, there are several ways you can incorporate it into your routine:

  • Add it to salads: Drizzle EVOO over fresh veggies or leafy greens for a nutritious, heart-healthy dressing.
  • Cook with it: Use EVOO for sautéing vegetables, cooking fish, or roasting meats. It’s versatile and adds a unique flavour to meals.
  • Mix it into soups and stews: Add a spoonful of EVOO to soups or stews for an extra boost of nutrition.

Or try our recipes:

What Does the Research Say?

There has been some research suggesting that EVOO may help with arthritis, but the results are mixed. Studies have shown that a diet rich in EVOO—often as part of the Mediterranean diet—may reduce symptoms of arthritis. However, while the evidence is promising, EVOO should not be seen as a cure-all. It’s more likely to be part of a broader strategy to manage arthritis, rather than a standalone solution.

Extra virgin olive oil is undoubtedly a healthy addition to any diet, offering numerous benefits beyond its potential effects on arthritis. With its anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant content, and healthy fats, EVOO seems worth considering as part of a balanced lifestyle, especially if you’re looking for natural ways to support joint health.

However, as with any health-related decision, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet.

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10/Aug/2022

Although it sounds like it, a Baker’s cyst isn’t named after an occupation like housemaid’s knee (prepatellar bursitis), policeman’s heel (plantar calcaneal bursitis) or writer’s cramp (hand dystonia). It has nothing to do with the act of making delicious, delicious bread 🍞 or other baked goods 😋.

Baker’s cysts are named after Dr W.M Baker, the 19th-century surgeon who first described cysts that form on the back of the knee. Their clinical name is popliteal cyst. Often people don’t know they have a Baker’s cyst, especially if it’s not causing pain. However, sometimes they can cause problems.

Your knee – a complex joint

To understand how a Baker’s cyst affects your knee, it’s helpful to know a little about your knee joint.

Your knee is a large and complex joint where three bones meet: your thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella). Covering the ends of your bones is a thin layer of tissue called cartilage. It provides a slippery cushion that absorbs shocks, helps your joints move smoothly and prevents bones from rubbing against each other.

Surrounding the joint is a tough capsule filled with a lubricating fluid (synovial fluid). This fluid allows your knee to move freely.

A Baker’s cyst can form when an injury or arthritis causes your knee to produce too much synovial fluid. This excess fluid bulges from the joint capsule behind the knee as a protruding sac (see image).

Cysts can vary in size and cause symptoms such as pain or stiffness in the knee joint.

Baker’s cysts may not require treatment, but if they do, they can be treated effectively with self-care and medical treatment.

Causes

Some of the common causes of Baker’s cyst include:

Symptoms

Often, there are no symptoms, and you may not even know you have a cyst. If symptoms do occur, they can include:

  • a lump or swelling behind the knee
  • knee pain
  • stiffness or tightness of the knee
  • limited range of knee movement (if the cyst is large).

Diagnosis

Many people don’t know they have a Baker’s cyst as it may be small and painless.

However, you should see your doctor if you notice a painful lump in the space behind your knee.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine your knee. They’re usually able to diagnose a Baker’s cyst based on this.

Sometimes a doctor may organise scans of the joint, usually an ultrasound, or if the diagnosis is uncertain, possibly an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This is to rule out other rare causes of the lump, such as a popliteal aneurysm, blood clot or tumour.

Complications

The symptoms of a Baker’s cyst are usually mild; however, in rare cases, the cyst may burst, leaking fluid into the calf region. This can cause increased pain in the knee and swelling or redness in the calf.

If you experience swelling or warmth in your calf, you should seek medical advice quickly.

It can be difficult to tell the difference between the complications of Baker’s cyst and more serious but less common problems such as a blood clot in a vein in your leg. So it’s better to be safe and get it checked out.

Treatment

You probably won’t need treatment if you have no symptoms or only mild pain.

However, if it is causing you pain, your doctor will develop a treatment plan that may include:

  • Self-care. You can reduce the pain and swelling by using an ice pack on your knee for short periods. Make sure to wrap it in a cloth so the pack doesn’t come into direct contact with your skin. You should also protect and rest the joint. Elevate your knee while resting it, and avoid activities that strain your knee (e.g. jogging). You may also find it helpful to use a cane or crutches for a short period or wear a knee support.
  • Medicines such as paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (e.g. ibuprofen) may provide temporary pain relief. These medicines are available over-the-counter or with a prescription, depending on their dosage and other ingredients.
    A corticosteroid (steroid) injection may be helpful for people who haven’t found relief from other treatments or if they have severe pain.
  • Treating the underlying condition (e.g. arthritis) is also important, so your doctor may discuss other medicines and treatment options.
  • Seeing a physiotherapist or exercise physiologist for gentle strengthening and range of movement exercises to reduce symptoms and maintain knee function.
  • Draining the cyst by inserting a needle into it (needle aspiration) and removing the fluid. This may be done under ultrasound.
  • Surgery is rarely needed to treat a Baker’s cyst. However, it may be an option in some cases to treat the cause of the cyst (e.g. an injury) or to remove the cyst if all other treatments haven’t provided relief.

Contact our free national Help Line

Call our nurses if you have questions about managing your painmusculoskeletal condition, treatment options, mental health issues, COVID-19, telehealth, or accessing services. They’re available weekdays between 9am-5pm on 1800 263 265; email (helpline@msk.org.au) or via Messenger.

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22/Jan/2020

Written by Steve Edwards, MSc(Oxon), MSc(Edinb), BSc(Pod)

“A cortisone injection? You want to stick a needle in my sore foot?”

Your health care clinician has suggested you have a cortisone injection into your foot. As with any medical procedure, both of you are best advised to discuss the benefits and risks before proceeding. It helps to know what cortisone is, what it does, and why it’s been offered to you.

Cortisone is an anti-inflammatory medication that’s often used to treat musculoskeletal conditions. It’s a synthetic version of cortisol, a hormone that naturally occurs in your body. Injected into the affected area, cortisone can lower inflammation and pain, remove fluid, and thin scar tissue or adhesions. So if your clinician diagnoses a musculoskeletal condition affecting your foot or ankle – such as arthritis, bursitis, neuroma, or tendinitis – a cortisone injection is commonly raised as an effective treatment option.

Cortisone injections also contain a local anaesthetic. For certain conditions an injection can be painful, so the anaesthetic may be injected separately before the cortisone to block this pain.

The clinician may or may not use ultrasound technology to guide the injection. For pain relief in the foot or ankle, research finds no statistically-significant difference between procedures conducted with or without ultrasound. Interestingly, trials on cadavers injected with dyed cortisone show how it rapidly spreads from the injection-point to adjacent tissue, indicating that pinpoint accuracy is not key to effectiveness.

There are several types of cortisone. In most cases the clinician will administer a long-duration cortisone, taking effect within 1-3 weeks, with benefits lasting between 1-9 months, depending on the condition and its severity. There’s a clinical consensus that no more than 3 injections should be administered to the same body-part within a 12-month period, though there’s no research literature to clearly support this belief.

After the injection, you can quickly return to most activities. The clinician may recommend you avoid strenuous physical exertion such as gym workouts or running for a few days, so the cortisone isn’t displaced from the target tissue.

As for risk-factors, there’s been research into whether the injection may risk tearing tendons in the target area. There’s no recorded case of this in human trials, though it has occurred in trials on dogs and horses. There were cases of more general tissue damage recorded in early trials on American gridiron players, but various factors could have produced this result – the needle used, the amount of fluid injected, and the subjects receiving multiple injections within a short period.

No medical procedure has a 100-percent success rate, but a single cortisone injection administered by a trained clinician is both safe and effective in providing medium-term pain relief. Side effects are minimal, and the benefit to your musculoskeletal condition is potentially vast. And for some foot-specific conditions – such as a neuroma (pinched nerve), or plantar fasciitis (heel pain due to scar tissue) – a cortisone injection can often be a cure.

Our guest blogger

Steven Edwards is a trainee foot and ankle surgeon with the Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons. He also teaches pharmacology and foot surgery to undergraduate podiatry students at La Trobe University.


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